Based on cognitive psychology theory, this study explores the doctrinal logic and practical path of higher education curriculum reform to enhance the effectiveness of higher education programs, with particular attention to improving students’ psychological quality and learning effectiveness. The study uses the finite element method and digital waveguide technology to simulate and analyze the stringed musical instrument. Accurate simulation of the vibration characteristics of the musical instrument is realized through the vibration equations of an ideal string and the principles of the digital waveguide algorithm. The experimental results show that the applied simulation technique can effectively simulate the vibration characteristics of the resonance box of the musical instrument, such as the ideal string vibration and the cavity coupling effect. In addition, the study involves the mathematical expressions of forced vibration and resonance and the effects of various materials on the modal frequencies of the resonance box. The application of artificial intelligence technology in studying acoustic properties of musical instruments significantly improves the accuracy and efficiency of simulation. It provides essential theoretical support for the design and production of musical instruments.