The field of education is undergoing a digital transformation, and intelligent teaching, as an essential component, combined with modern technology, has contributed significantly to the innovation of teaching methods and learning effects. The innovative teaching system’s application and optimization path of digital technology is explored in depth in this study. Using quantitative and qualitative methods, it explores how digital technology can effectively enhance the intelligence and personalization of the teaching system. The utilization of teaching resources increased by 25% and students’ learning efficiency increased by 30% after digital technology was implemented. In addition, the intelligent teaching platform resulted in a 20% reduction in teaching costs and significantly improved learning quality. Innovative teaching is aided by digital technology, which further enhances the educational impact by optimizing the technology application path.