Role of the D-wave component of the deuteron wave functions on vector polarizations of final deuteron in the elastic electron-deuteron ($e$-$d$) scattering process is investigated. We present numerical results for the polarizations of final deuteron $P_x$ and $P_z$ as functions of both the four-momentum transfer square $Q^2$ and the electron scattering angle in the laboratory frame $\theta_e$. The analysis is based on a $e d \to e' d'$ reaction model in which the realistic and high-precision Argonne v18 $NN$ potential is used for the deuteron wave functions and the standard dipole fit for the proton and neutron form factors is used for the free nucleon electromagnetic form factors. We found that the results for $P_x$ and $P_z$ at $Q^2 > 0.5\,(\text{GeV}/c)^2$ are sensitive to the D-wave component of the deuteron wave functions.