Common wealth is the essential requirement of socialism and an important feature of Chinese-style modernization. The explanation of the concept of commonwealth in the civics classroom should be highly emphasized. In this paper, we discuss the process of explaining the concept of commonwealth in the civics classroom in colleges and universities. By combining the random forest algorithm and ID-CNN model, the importance of indicators is assessed, which serves as a reference for building the evaluation index system. After pre-processing the indicator data, determining the model structure, and determining model evaluation indexes, the construction of the evaluation system for the common wealth concept identity has been completed. Through the actual case study, the students’ recognition, understanding, and teaching effect are analyzed, respectively. The results show that students’ recognition of indirect reasoning and application analysis of the concept of common wealth is high, respectively 3.455 and 3.364. However, there is a need to enhance the knowledge transfer link. In the analysis of learning effectiveness, the average score for the eight learning quality measures falls between 3 and 4, indicating a medium level. For instance, first-year students at subject universities need to enhance their study commitment and planning skills, with a mean score of 3.5 or below.