The application of English in daily life and workplace work is becoming more and more popular, and the quality of English translation teaching in higher vocational education, as an important way to cultivate high-quality technical talents, has a significant impact on the competitiveness of students’ career development. The study investigates the current situation of English translation teaching in higher vocational education and finds out the problems, and then constructs a model of English translation teaching strategy in higher vocational education by using the BKT model for the existing teaching problems. The research subjects were selected to conduct an experiment on English translation teaching strategies for higher vocational English, analyzing the changes in the subjects’ translation level and translation self-efficacy before and after the experiment, and exploring the effects of the application of English translation teaching strategies for higher vocational English. The results show that after the experiment of higher vocational English translation teaching strategies, the difference between the mean scores of the two groups of students’ translation scores increased from 0.367 to 8.749 (the experimental group was higher than the control group), and the mean scores of the experimental group and the control group increased by 10.140 and 1.758 points respectively. In terms of English translation self-efficacy, the translation self-efficacy of the experimental group before the experiment was lower than that of the control group by 0.713 points, and the translation self-efficacy of the experimental group after the experiment was higher than that of the control group by 9.216 points. Higher vocational English translation teaching strategies have a significant impact on the improvement of students’ English translation levels.