The nurturing effectiveness of college financial aid policy has been the focus of attention of the state, society and colleges and universities. This paper proposes a mechanistic framework of the influence of college financial aid policy on Chinese national community consciousness from the perspective of system dynamics (SD), combines the positive feedback characteristics of college financial aid policy on the strength of Chinese national community consciousness, constructs a SD model based on the flow rate basic entry tree (RIT), and conducts a simulation of the model in order to validate the validity and application value of the model. The results show that the model has a very high degree of fit to the actual evolution process of the college financial aid policy affecting the sense of Chinese national community, and the correlation is as high as 0.9926. The college financial aid policy has a positive impact on the sense of national community in China, and it will continue to be strengthened with time. Students’ academic completion and sense of belonging and identification with the Chinese nation mediate the relationship between college financial aid policies and the sense of community of the Chinese nation. The results of this study are intended to provide strong support for college financial aid policy making and to strengthen the Chinese national community’s consciousness.