With the rapid development and universal application of information technology, it brings brand new challenges to the development of Chinese language and literature. This study constructs a model of the development level of Chinese language through an in-depth study of data mining technology, combining the abnormal data detection algorithm based on vector machine and K-modes clustering algorithm. Through cluster analysis, students of Chinese language and literature are clustered and divided to explore potential factors that may pose difficulties in their development. On this basis, a path of Chinese language and literature ability cultivation based on the two-line teaching mode is proposed for the development needs of Chinese language and literature, and the teaching mode of Chinese language and literature in this paper is compared with the traditional teaching mode of Chinese language and literature. The scores of each competency level of Group A based on the teaching mode of this paper increased by 0.563~1.263 points compared with those of Group B based on the traditional teaching mode, and the average composite score and average satisfaction increased by 0.855 and 0.521 points compared with those of Group B. In addition to the educational aspect, the innovation of Chinese language and literature informatization can be carried out in terms of traditional cultural integration, minority language and culture preservation, and international promotion.