At present, the employment pressure of students in colleges and universities is getting bigger and bigger. Therefore, many schools have begun to strengthen innovation and entrepreneurship education to expand employment methods for students and effectively cultivate students’ practical ability and innovation ability. In understanding the value of ideological and political education in colleges and universities in enhancing the innovation and entrepreneurship ability of college students, the study arrives at six influencing factors of innovation and entrepreneurship ability of college students by exploring the integration path between innovation and entrepreneurship ability and ideological and political education. Questionnaire analysis was used to collect data, and 230 valid data were obtained. The data were analyzed using multiple regression models and structural equations. According to the results of Pearson correlation analysis, the influencing factors are significantly correlated to the innovation and entrepreneurship ability of college students, and comparing the Estimate values of the six influencing variables, it can be seen that self-efficacy (0.797) has the greatest influence on the innovation and entrepreneurship ability of college students, while the influence of one’s own energy investment is the smallest.