In the era of informationization, the integration of ideological and political education teaching resources will become a development trend. Based on the seven-step development method, this paper initially constructs an ontology library of ideological and political teaching resources, and further optimizes the semantic similarity calculation method and the semantic data retrieval strategy therein to expand the resources of the ontology library of ideological and political teaching resources and to improve the retrieval accuracy of users. The Ideological and Political Teaching Resource Ontology Library is used as an auxiliary resource in the learning of students’ ideological and political courses, and the students’ learning data and usage satisfaction are analyzed. Students use the Ideological and Political Teaching Resources Ontology Library to search and study chapter contents more than 2,000 times in a single month, and the related ideological and political literacy improves significantly, and more than 80% of the students are “very satisfied” and “satisfied” with the Ideological and Political Teaching Resources Ontology Library. Constructing, optimizing, and implementing the ontology library of ideological and political teaching resources can effectively improve the teaching quality of teachers, as well as the enthusiasm and learning ability of students.