In the context of modern educational reform and development, assessing and analyzing the teaching quality of university instructors has become a central issue in practical education. This study employs the gray system theory to evaluate the teaching quality of higher education institutions, treating the teaching quality as the system’s output and the evaluation criteria as the input. A teacher teaching quality assessment model centered on gray system theory is established, defining an efficient framework for professional teaching quality evaluation. Practical case studies are utilized to assess the capabilities and quality of distance teaching by educators, thereby offering technological support for educational management in the contemporary era.