To improve social governance capacity, this paper proposes a social governance capacity evaluation system based on the ADDIE model. The system is mainly based on the public’s subjective evaluation of the effect of social governance, and 40 evaluation indicators of social governance capacity are constructed from five aspects: political governance, economic governance, social governance, cultural governance, and ecological civilization construction. Furthermore, the system is applied to test and evaluate the comprehensive development quality of the social governance level in Shandong Province and analyze the effect. In 2006-2014, Shandong economic governance modernization index had the highest weight of 0.3606 in the evaluation of the province’s governance status, followed by the political governance modernization factor and cultural governance modernization factor of 14.80%, and the ecological environment governance capacity weight is only 0.1213, indicating that the province-wide mainly focuses on economic development, and the investment in social and cultural status and ecological, environmental protection is still at a relative disadvantage. The evaluation of social governance capacity is a complex process, and the screening and quantitative evaluation of indicators should be optimized with the current status of social governance.