Traditional Chinese art color has a long history of development, integrating rich cultural heritage and unique national style. After elucidating the impact of traditional art colors on the visual communication design effect, the study gathers relevant picture data from the museum’s official website, extracts traditional art colors, divides the vocabulary of color imagery using the improved K-means algorithm, and generates representative color imagery. Following the elemental breakdown of traditional art colors, the study conducts a quantitative examination of traditional art color design and perceptual imagery to determine the visual communication design impact (color imagery) of various traditional art hues. Using the Apriori-based association rule algorithm, we conduct association rule mining for the color-matching laws of various dynasties, thereby calculating the distribution of matching methods and those of the primary color families. Through the analysis, the traditional art color design of 6 groups of representative color imagery is evaluated, and the Tang, Song, Ming, and Qing dynasties’ 7, 6, 5, and 3 color matching laws are also obtained. Similar and neighboring colors dominate color collocation in Chinese traditional art, accounting for 65.00% and 30.00%, respectively. The color collocation law can be utilized in the visual communication design presentation of traditional art colors.