This paper constructs a forecasting model using the PAM-LSTM time series model based on historical human resource data. The status quo, structure, efficiency and talent of human resource management of teachers in Chinese institutions of higher education are analysed in depth so as to discuss more concisely and systematically the methods of improving the efficiency of human resource management of teachers in colleges and universities and the path of talent development. The study shows that the student-teacher ratio of higher education institutions is expected to reach 10:1 in 2026, the doctoral degree increases to 34.24%, and the number of full-time teachers with full senior titles is expected to be 2.5% higher in 2026 than in 2020. The comprehensive efficiency value of human resource management in higher education institutions is expected to reach 96.7% in 2026. Therefore, strategies for improving HRM efficiency and developing talent, such as combining rigid and flexible management of human resources with an optimal organizational structure for resource allocation, are proposed.