Introducing ethnic music culture in college music education and realising the integration and development of the two are of great significance to both enriching music education in colleges and universities and realising the inheritance of ethnic music culture. In this paper, the RBF algorithm is simplified and designed, on the basis of which an ethnic music education system is proposed to achieve the integrated development of college music education and ethnic music culture. The experiment shows that the excellent rate of the two experimental groups in the dimension of ethnic music rhythm mastery increases by 8% and 12%, and the good rate increases by 16% and 14%, and the experimental groups also show better teaching effects in other dimensions. In addition, the experimental group students’ ethnic music cultural literacy has significantly improved, and their preference for ethnic music culture is higher than that of the control group. It can be seen that this paper proposes an effective ethnic music education system through the simplified design of the RBF algorithm, which is useful for realising the integration and development of music education and ethnic music culture.