Athletics, as a competitive sport, puts high demands on athletes’ physical development. Physical fitness, as an important part of the athletic ability of track and field athletes, will directly affect their competitive level. To address this issue, this paper introduces wearable devices into the physical training of college track and field sports and provides users with a reasonable sports training program through real-time analysis of the collected training data of athletes. Taking H college track and field athletes as comparative experimental objects, we explore the innovative effect of college track and field sports physical training and combine the clustering algorithm and Apriori algorithm to deeply mine the college track and field sports physical training data rules. The results show that track-and-field physical training with wearable devices improves cardiorespiratory endurance better than traditional physical training (p<0.05), and track-and-field physical training with wearable devices significantly improves and enhances FMS tests. Furthermore, the association rules reveal that higher physical fitness in college athletics correlates with improved FMS test results. We can categorize users into three types of athletic groups and develop tailored physical training methods for each group.