This paper explores the linguistic features of ancient and modern Chinese, focuses on capturing the knowledge of the relevant domains of ancient and contemporary Chinese using semantic models, and carries out the corresponding semantic resource extraction and semantic representation through the resource expression mechanism in the framework of the Semantic Association Network Model (SANM), and then analyzes the historical evolution of the lexicalization patterns of the Chinese language and the linguistic features of the Chinese language in different periods. In the historical evolution of Chinese lexicalization patterns, it is found that the distribution of lexicalization patterns of ancient Chinese table-cutting action lexical items is [action+object] > [action+method] > [action result] > [action+tool], and the distribution of lexicalization patterns of modern Chinese table-cutting action lexical items is [action+method] > [action+tool] > [action+result] > [action+object]. The linguistic features of different periods show that all networks have small-world properties and scale-free properties, and the statistical parameters of the networks in each period are relatively close to each other, with the modern network having the most significant C (8.59) and the smallest L (0.92) and γ (0.40). Ancient and modern Chinese words and phrases with relational word collocations in the interval [0,23] have the most extensive and densest distribution of relational words. These data present the similarities and differences between linguistic features between ancient and modern Chinese, which is significant for studying ancient and modern Chinese.