The “five education” is a new way of thinking and a new paradigm of educational practice in the new era. After analyzing the integrated teaching practice model in the context of “five education” from multiple dimensions, the study establishes a teaching resources integration index system based on the CIPP evaluation model in terms of background, input, process, and result. Taking the integration of teaching resources in the College of Fine Arts and College of Literature of a university in Xinjiang as the research object, analyze the integration measurement of teaching resources and the influencing factors of teachers’ teaching ability. The results show that the teaching management process is the greatest contributor to the integration of teaching resources (0.251). The integration of teaching resources in the sample universities is at a good level (3.811), and their faculty management and teaching process management are excellent. The positive and significant influence of teachers’ teaching cognitive ability, teaching practical ability, and teaching monitoring ability and their dimensions on teachers’ teaching ability was verified (p < 0.05), and the degree of influence was moderate. This paper discusses the integration of teaching resources in the context of “five education”, which can help to promote deep change in classroom teaching and build a high-quality education system.