This paper proposes two primary pathways for online teaching and virtual music classrooms constructed using virtual reality technology and establishes a corresponding technical framework. In the online teaching mode, an online teaching platform is built, and an improved genetic algorithm is proposed for the intelligent grouping problem, which introduces the individual similarity elimination operation and incorporates simulated annealing to solve the problem of insufficient search capability. Meanwhile, in order to build a virtual music classroom, a dynamic light projection algorithm is proposed to reconstruct a three-dimensional model of human movement, and a multi-feature fusion algorithm is used to match the weights assigned to the human body's action gestures. In the evaluation of the teaching effect of the application of the technology framework, the piano art students are taken as the research object, and the experimental class and the control class are set up to carry out the teaching practice. In the evaluation of the learning effect, the completion degree of music and artistic performance of students in the experimental class was 83.65 and 82.66, which was significantly better than that of the control class (P<0.05). The overall degree of cognition, emotional attitude, and value recognition of traditional music culture was also significantly better than that of the control class (P<0.05).