In order to predict the structural, mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced materials (CFRM) under different aging conditions in terms of tensile and flexural strengths, this paper establishes a Representative Volume Element (RVE) model and imposes periodic boundary conditions to realize the prediction of the basic mechanical properties of CFRM materials. The relevant performance parameters of elasticity, tensile and flexural properties of the material were obtained through one-way continuous CFRM material mechanical performance testing tests, after which the fiber damage and matrix damage of CFRM material were judiciously simulated. The results showed that the tensile strength of CFRM materials decreased by 1.51%, 1.72%, 1.22%, and 1.02% under four aging conditions. Its tensile modulus decreased by 0.65%, 1.08%, 0.72% and 0.47%, respectively. In 80°C water environment, the tensile properties of CFRM materials decreased by 1.72%, and its bending strength (10.56%) and bending modulus (7.99%) decreased to the least extent, and the CFRM materials were more resistant to immersion aging. The degree of fiber fracture during the multi-mode simulation is more obvious than the matrix cracking case, which verifies that fiber fracture is the main fine-scale failure mechanism for the tensile fracture behavior of fiber composites in CFRM materials. The RVE model proposed in this paper is essentially similar to the parameters used in CFRM material performance prediction and behavior simulation in structural engineering, and the computational model is logical.