In this study, we selected potato varieties with varying starch contents, set up different degrees of water stress treatments, and varied temperatures to investigate the effects of water stress and high temperatures on the activities of key enzymes of potato starch synthesis and the rate of starch accumulation. We observed the mechanism of potato water stress on starch synthesis and accumulation. Next, we measured the amount of starch in potato tubers across various potato types exposed to varying levels of drought stress. The findings showed that soil moisture stress greatly decreased the activities of the AGPase, GBSS, SSS, and SBE enzymes (P drought stress > water stress.