With the deepening of economic globalization, countries around the world have put forward new requirements for talent. College students, being a unique segment of society, must naturally adapt to these significant changes and undergo new enhancements. This paper utilizes undergraduates from a university as the research subject and develops a leadership model for college students by designing specific research variables. We use the questionnaire survey data to empirically investigate the relationship between the antecedent variables of college students’ leadership and their influence. To compare the means of the four antecedent variables, descriptive statistics were used. The levels of social participation were better than medium or above (p > 3.5), while the levels of organizational factors were lower and needed to be improved. Correlation and regression analyses verified the relationship between each dimension of the four antecedent variables and college student leadership. Some aspects of college students’ leadership are associated with the dimensions of social participation, family function, personal endowment, and organizational factors. Among them, the degree of social participation in the dimension of “participation in public affairs” will affect the development of college students’ leadership, and the correlation coefficient of the two is 0.663, which is positively correlated at the 0.01 confidence level. The mediation effect test concludes that social value mediates the influence of college students’ social participation in leadership. Finally, the research results propose a strategy for volunteering that uses artificial intelligence to help college students develop their leadership skills.