With social progress and technological development, contemporary college students are under increasing pressure in life and study. Music’s role in regulating physical and mental health has been underlined and gradually used in students’ mental health education. Based on the regulating function of music education on students’ psychology, the study proposes the education model of integrating music courses with mental health education and constructs the model of mental health examination (MMHE) that integrates signal characteristics and emotional characteristics of college students to test the mental health level of college students under this education model, so as to explore the effect of integrating music courses on mental health education. In the group of college students, those with good mental health accounted for 63.39% of the total number of students, those with mild mental problems accounted for 31.25%, those with moderate mental problems accounted for 3.87%, and those with more severe mental problems accounted for 1.49%. Among the students with mental health education integrating music, the values of the 10 dimensions of mental health decreased, and the p-value in obsessive-compulsive symptoms, paranoia, hostility, anxiety, maladaptation, emotional instability, and psychological imbalance was less than 0.05, which was a significant effect. Based on this, teachers must base music activities to optimize students’ psychological quality in the teaching of mental health in colleges and universities, and further bring into play the nurturing value of the music discipline.